Speed Comparison of Public Key Algorithms » History » Version 23
Version 22 (Andreas Steffen, 10.06.2009 20:21) → Version 23/32 (Andreas Steffen, 10.06.2009 20:30)
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h1. Speed Comparison of Public Key Algorithms
h2. 32 bit, native on a Core2Duo T9400 (one core)
h3. Public Key Signature
|_.Key type |_.Strength* |_.Operations/s|_.gmp |_.gcrypt|_.openssl|
|/2.RSA 512 |/2>.50 bits |sign (e=3) |>.3'708 |>.1'814 |>.2'286 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.3'946 |>.1'780 |>.2'150 |
|/2.RSA 768 |/2>.62 bits |sign (e=3) |>.1'483 |>.625 |>.521 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.1'486 |>.626 |>.783 |
|/2.RSA 1024 |/2>.73 bits |sign (e=3) |>.724 |>.301 |>.488 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.722 |>.285 |>.475 |
|/2.RSA 1536 |/2>.89 bits |sign (e=3) |>.242 |>.99 |>.117 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.243 |>.98 |>.111 |
|/2.RSA 2048 |/2>.103 bits |sign (e=3) |>.110 |>.30 |>.80 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.109 |>.28 |>.89 |
|/2.RSA 3072 |/2>.125 bits |sign (e=3) |>.35 |>.9 |>.33 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.35 |>.15 |>.32 |
|/2.RSA 4096 |/2>.142 bits |sign (e=3) |>.15 |>.6 |>.9 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.15 |>.6 |>.9 |
|/2.RSA 6144 |/2>.171 bits |sign (e=3) |>.4 |>.2 |>.3 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.4 |>.2 |>.3 |
|/2.RSA 8192 |/2>.193 bits |sign (e=3 ) |>.2 |>.1 |>.2 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.2 |>.1 |>.1 |
|ECDSA 256 |>.128 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.546 |
|ECDSA 384 |>.192 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.233 |
|ECDSA 521 |>.260 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.113 |
|/2.RSA 512 |/2>.50 bits |verify (e=3) |>.76'683|>.36'626|>.55'685 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.32'577|>.15'860|>.25'086 |
|/2.RSA 768 |/2>.62 bits |verify (e=3) |>.52'707|>.31'167|>.37'112 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.17'375|>.10'054|>.15'034 |
|/2.RSA 1024 |/2>.73 bits |verify (e=3) |>.37'826|>.25'688|>.28'879 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.11'402|>.6'640 |>.10'380 |
|/2.RSA 1536 |/2>.89 bits |verify (e=3) |>.22'143|>.18'505|>.10'393 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.5'892 |>.3'770 |>.3'686 |
|/2.RSA 2048 |/2>.103 bits |verify (e=3) |>.14'175|>.8'307 |>.11'625 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.3'481 |>.1'423 |>.3'535 |
|/2.RSA 3072 |/2>.125 bits |verify (e=3) |>.7'207 |>.4'930 |>.5'654 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.1'729 |>.1'150 |>.1'857 |
|/2.RSA 4096 |/2>.142 bits |verify (e=3) |>.5'887 |>.4'960 |>.2'263 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.1'049 |>.684 |>.672 |
|/2.RSA 6144 |/2>.171 bits |verify (e=3) |>.3'171 |>.2630 |>.977 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.544 |>.335 |>.324 |
|/2.RSA 8192 |/2>.193 bits |verify (e=3) |>.2'015 |>.1638 |>.839 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.334 |>.194 |>.181 |
|ECDSA 256 |>.128 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.459 |
|ECDSA 384 |>.192 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.196 |
|ECDSA 521 |>.260 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.94 |
_* = cryptographic strength estimates according to_ "RFC 3766":http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3766 _using_ "www.keylength.com":http://www.keylength.com
h3. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
|_.DH group |_.Strength |_.Operations/s|_.gmp |_.gcrypt|_.openssl |_.gmp* |_.gcrypt*|_.openssl*|
|/2.MODP 768 |/2>.62 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.468 |>.293 |>.371 |>.1'271|>.866 |>.1'060 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.489 |>.205 |>.393 |>.1'418|>.618 |>.1'101 |
|/2.MODP 1024 |/2>.73 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.216 |>.136 |>.192 |>.792 |>.540 |>.706 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.222 |>.92 |>.195 |>.845 |>.372 |>.728 |
|/2.MODP 1536 |/2>.89 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.71 |>.46 |>.70 |>.395 |>.279 |>.379 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.71 |>.31 |>.71 |>.409 |>.188 |>.382 |
|/2.MODP 2048 |/2>.103 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.31 |>.20 |>.31 |>.161 |>.112 |>.155 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.31 |>.14 |>.31 |>.163 |>.74 |>.156 |
|/2.MODP 3072 |/2>.125 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.10 |>.6 |>.11 |>.77 |>.55 |>.81 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.10 |>.4 |>.11 |>.77 |>.36 |>.80 |
|/2.MODP 4096 |/2>.142 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.4 |>.3 |>.4 |>.34 |>.24 |>.35 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.4 |>.2 |>.4 |>.34 |>.16 |>.35 |
|/2.MODP 6144 |/2>.171 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.1 |>.1 |>.1 |>.17 |>.11 |>.17 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.1 |>.0 |>.1 |>.17 |>.7 |>.17 |
|/2.MODP 8096 |/2>.193 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.1 |>.1 |>.0 |>.11 |>.7 |>.10 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.1 |>.0 |>.1 |>.11 |>.4 |>.10 |
|/2.ECP 192 |/2>.96 bits |A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.961 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.950 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 224 |/2>.112 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.724 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.716 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 256 |/2>.128 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.577 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.564 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 384 |/2>.192 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.243 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.239 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 521 |/2>.260 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.117 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.116 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
_* = using reduced exponent size (libstrongswan.dh_exponent_ansi_x9_42 = no) as recommended by_ "RFC3526":http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3526#section-8
h2. 64 bit, under VirtualBox, Core2Duo T9400 (one core):
h3. Public Key Signature
|_.Key type |_.Strength* |_.Operations/s|_.gmp |_.gcrypt|_.openssl|
|/2.RSA 512 |/2>.50 bits |sign (e=3) |>.12'715 |>.3474 |>.7'405 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.12'453 |>.3463 |>.4'471 |
|/2.RSA 768 |/2>.62 bits |sign (e=3) |>.5'414 |>.1234 |>.2'371 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.5'617 |>.1142 |>.2'974 |
|/2.RSA 1024 |/2>.73 bits |sign (e=3) |>.2'756 |>.769 |>.1'565 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.2'765 |>.516 |>.1'523 |
|/2.RSA 1536 |/2>.89 bits |sign (e=3) |>.980 |>.181 |>.548 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.978 |>.279 |>.525 |
|/2.RSA 2048 |/2>.103 bits |sign (e=3) |>.447 |>.126 |>.160 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.453 |>.122 |>.147 |
|/2.RSA 3072 |/2>.125 bits |sign (e=3) |>.140 |>.45 |>.51 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.146 |>.44 |>.46 |
|/2.RSA 4096 |/2>.142 bits |sign (e=3) |>.71 |>.19 |>.36 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.62 |>.11 |>.34 |
|/2.RSA 6144 |/2>.171 bits |sign (e=3) |>.19 |>.7 |>.11 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.20 |>.6 |>.10 |
|/2.RSA 8192 |/2>.193 bits |sign (e=3) |>.7 |>.3 |>.4 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.8 |>.3 |>.4 |
|ECDSA 256 |>.128 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.1'204 |
|ECDSA 384 |>.192 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.551 |
|ECDSA 521 |>.260 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.280 |
|/2.RSA 512 |/2>.50 bits |verify (e=3) |>.131'663|>.50'944|>.86'962 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.85'975 |>.25'927|>.34'702 |
|/2.RSA 768 |/2>.62 bits |verify (e=3) |>.114'546|>.47'151|>.67'016 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.51'425 |>.23'467|>.36'163 |
|/2.RSA 1024 |/2>.73 bits |verify (e=3) |>.89'899 |>.41'223|>.57'059 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.40'736 |>.9'569 |>.26'082 |
|/2.RSA 1536 |/2>.89 bits |verify (e=3) |>.59'941 |>.33'632|>.33'338 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.20'979 |>.9'520 |>.12'731 |
|/2.RSA 2048 |/2>.103 bits |verify (e=3) |>.35'728 |>.22'385|>.16'076 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.12'313 |>.5'140 |>.4'630 |
|/2.RSA 3072 |/2>.125 bits |verify (e=3) |>.16'474 |>.21'272|>.12'929 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.6'318 |>.3'377 |>.2'305 |
|/2.RSA 4096 |/2>.142 bits |verify (e=3) |>.9'081 |>.4'894 |>.4'643 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.2'975 |>.919 |>.2'128 |
|/2.RSA 6144 |/2>.171 bits |verify (e=3) |>.3'758 |>.6'793 |>.2'666 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.1'540 |>.1'047 |>.894 |
|/2.RSA 8192 |/2>.193 bits |verify (e=3) |>.3'039 |>.3'871 |>.1'204 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.1'643 |>.579 |>.462 |
|ECDSA 256 |>.128 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.1'098 |
|ECDSA 384 |>.192 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.484 |
|ECDSA 521 |>.260 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.239 |
_* = cryptographic strength estimates according to_ "RFC 3766":http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3766 _using_ "www.keylength.com":http://www.keylength.com
h3. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
|_.DH group |_.Strength group|_.Strength|_.Operations/s|_.gmp |_.Operations/s|_.gmp |_.gcrypt|_.openssl|_.gmp* |_.gcrypt*|_.openssl*|
|/2.MODP |MODP 768 |/2>.62 |>.62 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.1'631|>.756 |>.1'040 |>.3'847|>.2'121 |>.2'786 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.1'931|>.565 |>.1'119 |>.5'474|>.1792 |>.3'300 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 1024 |/2>.73 |>.73 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.805 |>.342 |>.484 |>.2'722|>.1'381 |>.1'764 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.866 |>.232 |>.382 |>.3'271|>.1037 |>.1'993 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 1536 |/2>.89 |>.89 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.268 |>.130 |>.99 |>.1'340|>.783 |>.873 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.279 |>.88 |>.135 |>.1'590|>.574 |>.920 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 2048 |/2>.103 |>.103 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.121 |>.56 |>.70 |>.592 |>.320 |>.343 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.123 |>.38 |>.50 |>.634 |>.216 |>.366 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 3072 |/2>.125 |>.125 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.38 |>.20 |>.21 |>.282 |>.172 |>.159 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.38 |>.13 |>.14 |>.289 |>.118 |>.165 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 4096 |/2>.142 |>.142 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.16 |>.6 |>.8 |>.125 |>.75 |>.70 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.16 |>.4 |>.9 |>.126 |>.49 |>.67 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 6144 |/2>.171 |>.171 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.5 |>.2 |>.3 |>.59 |>.38 |>.31 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.5 |>.1 |>.1 |>.61 |>.25 |>.31 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 8096 |/2>.193 |>.193 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.2 |>.1 |>.0 |>.34 |>.22 |>.17 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.2 |>.0 |>.1 |>.39 |>.14 |>.18 |
|/2.ECP |ECP 192 |/2>.96 |>.96 bits |A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.988 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a
|ECP 224 |>.112 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.1'058 |>.873 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 224 |ECP 256 |/2>.112 |>.128 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.873 |>.823 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a
|ECP 384 |>.192 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.963 |>.360 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 256 |ECP 521 |/2>.128 |>.260 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.823 |>.180 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|MODP 768 |>.62 bits |S=B^a mod p |>.1'931|>.565 |>.1'119 |>.5'474|>.1792 |>.3'300 |
|MODP 1024 |>.73 bits |S=B^a mod p |>.866 |>.232 |>.382 |>.3'271|>.1037 |>.1'993 |
|MODP 1536 |>.89 bits |S=B^a mod p |>.279 |>.88 |>.135 |>.1'590|>.574 |>.920 |
|MODP 2048 |>.103 bits|S=B^a mod p |>.123 |>.38 |>.50 |>.634 |>.216 |>.366 |
|MODP 3072 |>.125 bits|S=B^a mod p |>.38 |>.13 |>.14 |>.289 |>.118 |>.165 |
|MODP 4096 |>.142 bits|S=B^a mod p |>.16 |>.4 |>.9 |>.126 |>.49 |>.67 |
|MODP 6144 |>.171 bits|S=B^a mod p |>.5 |>.1 |>.1 |>.61 |>.25 |>.31 |
|MODP 8096 |>.193 bits|S=B^a mod p |>.2 |>.0 |>.1 |>.39 |>.14 |>.18 |
|ECP 192 |>.96 bits |S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.851 |>.1'058 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 384 |ECP 224 |/2>.192 bits|A=g^a |>.112 bits|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.360 |>.963 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a
|ECP 256 |>.128 bits|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.364 |>.851 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 521 |ECP 384 |/2>.260 bits|A=g^a |>.192 bits|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.180 |>.364 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a
|ECP 521 |>.260 bits|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.210 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
_* = using reduced exponent size (libstrongswan.dh_exponent_ansi_x9_42 = no) as recommended by_ "RFC3526":http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3526#section-8
h1. Speed Comparison of Public Key Algorithms
h2. 32 bit, native on a Core2Duo T9400 (one core)
h3. Public Key Signature
|_.Key type |_.Strength* |_.Operations/s|_.gmp |_.gcrypt|_.openssl|
|/2.RSA 512 |/2>.50 bits |sign (e=3) |>.3'708 |>.1'814 |>.2'286 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.3'946 |>.1'780 |>.2'150 |
|/2.RSA 768 |/2>.62 bits |sign (e=3) |>.1'483 |>.625 |>.521 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.1'486 |>.626 |>.783 |
|/2.RSA 1024 |/2>.73 bits |sign (e=3) |>.724 |>.301 |>.488 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.722 |>.285 |>.475 |
|/2.RSA 1536 |/2>.89 bits |sign (e=3) |>.242 |>.99 |>.117 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.243 |>.98 |>.111 |
|/2.RSA 2048 |/2>.103 bits |sign (e=3) |>.110 |>.30 |>.80 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.109 |>.28 |>.89 |
|/2.RSA 3072 |/2>.125 bits |sign (e=3) |>.35 |>.9 |>.33 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.35 |>.15 |>.32 |
|/2.RSA 4096 |/2>.142 bits |sign (e=3) |>.15 |>.6 |>.9 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.15 |>.6 |>.9 |
|/2.RSA 6144 |/2>.171 bits |sign (e=3) |>.4 |>.2 |>.3 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.4 |>.2 |>.3 |
|/2.RSA 8192 |/2>.193 bits |sign (e=3 ) |>.2 |>.1 |>.2 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.2 |>.1 |>.1 |
|ECDSA 256 |>.128 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.546 |
|ECDSA 384 |>.192 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.233 |
|ECDSA 521 |>.260 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.113 |
|/2.RSA 512 |/2>.50 bits |verify (e=3) |>.76'683|>.36'626|>.55'685 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.32'577|>.15'860|>.25'086 |
|/2.RSA 768 |/2>.62 bits |verify (e=3) |>.52'707|>.31'167|>.37'112 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.17'375|>.10'054|>.15'034 |
|/2.RSA 1024 |/2>.73 bits |verify (e=3) |>.37'826|>.25'688|>.28'879 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.11'402|>.6'640 |>.10'380 |
|/2.RSA 1536 |/2>.89 bits |verify (e=3) |>.22'143|>.18'505|>.10'393 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.5'892 |>.3'770 |>.3'686 |
|/2.RSA 2048 |/2>.103 bits |verify (e=3) |>.14'175|>.8'307 |>.11'625 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.3'481 |>.1'423 |>.3'535 |
|/2.RSA 3072 |/2>.125 bits |verify (e=3) |>.7'207 |>.4'930 |>.5'654 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.1'729 |>.1'150 |>.1'857 |
|/2.RSA 4096 |/2>.142 bits |verify (e=3) |>.5'887 |>.4'960 |>.2'263 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.1'049 |>.684 |>.672 |
|/2.RSA 6144 |/2>.171 bits |verify (e=3) |>.3'171 |>.2630 |>.977 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.544 |>.335 |>.324 |
|/2.RSA 8192 |/2>.193 bits |verify (e=3) |>.2'015 |>.1638 |>.839 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.334 |>.194 |>.181 |
|ECDSA 256 |>.128 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.459 |
|ECDSA 384 |>.192 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.196 |
|ECDSA 521 |>.260 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.94 |
_* = cryptographic strength estimates according to_ "RFC 3766":http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3766 _using_ "www.keylength.com":http://www.keylength.com
h3. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
|_.DH group |_.Strength |_.Operations/s|_.gmp |_.gcrypt|_.openssl |_.gmp* |_.gcrypt*|_.openssl*|
|/2.MODP 768 |/2>.62 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.468 |>.293 |>.371 |>.1'271|>.866 |>.1'060 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.489 |>.205 |>.393 |>.1'418|>.618 |>.1'101 |
|/2.MODP 1024 |/2>.73 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.216 |>.136 |>.192 |>.792 |>.540 |>.706 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.222 |>.92 |>.195 |>.845 |>.372 |>.728 |
|/2.MODP 1536 |/2>.89 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.71 |>.46 |>.70 |>.395 |>.279 |>.379 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.71 |>.31 |>.71 |>.409 |>.188 |>.382 |
|/2.MODP 2048 |/2>.103 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.31 |>.20 |>.31 |>.161 |>.112 |>.155 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.31 |>.14 |>.31 |>.163 |>.74 |>.156 |
|/2.MODP 3072 |/2>.125 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.10 |>.6 |>.11 |>.77 |>.55 |>.81 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.10 |>.4 |>.11 |>.77 |>.36 |>.80 |
|/2.MODP 4096 |/2>.142 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.4 |>.3 |>.4 |>.34 |>.24 |>.35 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.4 |>.2 |>.4 |>.34 |>.16 |>.35 |
|/2.MODP 6144 |/2>.171 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.1 |>.1 |>.1 |>.17 |>.11 |>.17 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.1 |>.0 |>.1 |>.17 |>.7 |>.17 |
|/2.MODP 8096 |/2>.193 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.1 |>.1 |>.0 |>.11 |>.7 |>.10 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.1 |>.0 |>.1 |>.11 |>.4 |>.10 |
|/2.ECP 192 |/2>.96 bits |A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.961 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.950 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 224 |/2>.112 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.724 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.716 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 256 |/2>.128 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.577 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.564 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 384 |/2>.192 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.243 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.239 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 521 |/2>.260 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.117 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.116 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
_* = using reduced exponent size (libstrongswan.dh_exponent_ansi_x9_42 = no) as recommended by_ "RFC3526":http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3526#section-8
h2. 64 bit, under VirtualBox, Core2Duo T9400 (one core):
h3. Public Key Signature
|_.Key type |_.Strength* |_.Operations/s|_.gmp |_.gcrypt|_.openssl|
|/2.RSA 512 |/2>.50 bits |sign (e=3) |>.12'715 |>.3474 |>.7'405 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.12'453 |>.3463 |>.4'471 |
|/2.RSA 768 |/2>.62 bits |sign (e=3) |>.5'414 |>.1234 |>.2'371 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.5'617 |>.1142 |>.2'974 |
|/2.RSA 1024 |/2>.73 bits |sign (e=3) |>.2'756 |>.769 |>.1'565 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.2'765 |>.516 |>.1'523 |
|/2.RSA 1536 |/2>.89 bits |sign (e=3) |>.980 |>.181 |>.548 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.978 |>.279 |>.525 |
|/2.RSA 2048 |/2>.103 bits |sign (e=3) |>.447 |>.126 |>.160 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.453 |>.122 |>.147 |
|/2.RSA 3072 |/2>.125 bits |sign (e=3) |>.140 |>.45 |>.51 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.146 |>.44 |>.46 |
|/2.RSA 4096 |/2>.142 bits |sign (e=3) |>.71 |>.19 |>.36 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.62 |>.11 |>.34 |
|/2.RSA 6144 |/2>.171 bits |sign (e=3) |>.19 |>.7 |>.11 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.20 |>.6 |>.10 |
|/2.RSA 8192 |/2>.193 bits |sign (e=3) |>.7 |>.3 |>.4 |
|sign (e=f4) |>.8 |>.3 |>.4 |
|ECDSA 256 |>.128 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.1'204 |
|ECDSA 384 |>.192 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.551 |
|ECDSA 521 |>.260 bits |sign |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.280 |
|/2.RSA 512 |/2>.50 bits |verify (e=3) |>.131'663|>.50'944|>.86'962 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.85'975 |>.25'927|>.34'702 |
|/2.RSA 768 |/2>.62 bits |verify (e=3) |>.114'546|>.47'151|>.67'016 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.51'425 |>.23'467|>.36'163 |
|/2.RSA 1024 |/2>.73 bits |verify (e=3) |>.89'899 |>.41'223|>.57'059 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.40'736 |>.9'569 |>.26'082 |
|/2.RSA 1536 |/2>.89 bits |verify (e=3) |>.59'941 |>.33'632|>.33'338 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.20'979 |>.9'520 |>.12'731 |
|/2.RSA 2048 |/2>.103 bits |verify (e=3) |>.35'728 |>.22'385|>.16'076 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.12'313 |>.5'140 |>.4'630 |
|/2.RSA 3072 |/2>.125 bits |verify (e=3) |>.16'474 |>.21'272|>.12'929 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.6'318 |>.3'377 |>.2'305 |
|/2.RSA 4096 |/2>.142 bits |verify (e=3) |>.9'081 |>.4'894 |>.4'643 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.2'975 |>.919 |>.2'128 |
|/2.RSA 6144 |/2>.171 bits |verify (e=3) |>.3'758 |>.6'793 |>.2'666 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.1'540 |>.1'047 |>.894 |
|/2.RSA 8192 |/2>.193 bits |verify (e=3) |>.3'039 |>.3'871 |>.1'204 |
|verify (e=f4) |>.1'643 |>.579 |>.462 |
|ECDSA 256 |>.128 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.1'098 |
|ECDSA 384 |>.192 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.484 |
|ECDSA 521 |>.260 bits |verify |=._N/A_ |=._N/A_ |>.239 |
_* = cryptographic strength estimates according to_ "RFC 3766":http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3766 _using_ "www.keylength.com":http://www.keylength.com
h3. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
|_.DH group |_.Strength group|_.Strength|_.Operations/s|_.gmp |_.Operations/s|_.gmp |_.gcrypt|_.openssl|_.gmp* |_.gcrypt*|_.openssl*|
|/2.MODP |MODP 768 |/2>.62 |>.62 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.1'631|>.756 |>.1'040 |>.3'847|>.2'121 |>.2'786 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.1'931|>.565 |>.1'119 |>.5'474|>.1792 |>.3'300 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 1024 |/2>.73 |>.73 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.805 |>.342 |>.484 |>.2'722|>.1'381 |>.1'764 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.866 |>.232 |>.382 |>.3'271|>.1037 |>.1'993 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 1536 |/2>.89 |>.89 bits |A=g^a mod p |>.268 |>.130 |>.99 |>.1'340|>.783 |>.873 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.279 |>.88 |>.135 |>.1'590|>.574 |>.920 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 2048 |/2>.103 |>.103 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.121 |>.56 |>.70 |>.592 |>.320 |>.343 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.123 |>.38 |>.50 |>.634 |>.216 |>.366 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 3072 |/2>.125 |>.125 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.38 |>.20 |>.21 |>.282 |>.172 |>.159 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.38 |>.13 |>.14 |>.289 |>.118 |>.165 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 4096 |/2>.142 |>.142 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.16 |>.6 |>.8 |>.125 |>.75 |>.70 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.16 |>.4 |>.9 |>.126 |>.49 |>.67 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 6144 |/2>.171 |>.171 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.5 |>.2 |>.3 |>.59 |>.38 |>.31 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.5 |>.1 |>.1 |>.61 |>.25 |>.31 |
|/2.MODP |MODP 8096 |/2>.193 |>.193 bits|A=g^a mod p |>.2 |>.1 |>.0 |>.34 |>.22 |>.17 |
|S=B^a mod p |>.2 |>.0 |>.1 |>.39 |>.14 |>.18 |
|/2.ECP |ECP 192 |/2>.96 |>.96 bits |A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.988 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a
|ECP 224 |>.112 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.1'058 |>.873 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 224 |ECP 256 |/2>.112 |>.128 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.873 |>.823 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a
|ECP 384 |>.192 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.963 |>.360 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 256 |ECP 521 |/2>.128 |>.260 bits|A=g^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.823 |>.180 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|MODP 768 |>.62 bits |S=B^a mod p |>.1'931|>.565 |>.1'119 |>.5'474|>.1792 |>.3'300 |
|MODP 1024 |>.73 bits |S=B^a mod p |>.866 |>.232 |>.382 |>.3'271|>.1037 |>.1'993 |
|MODP 1536 |>.89 bits |S=B^a mod p |>.279 |>.88 |>.135 |>.1'590|>.574 |>.920 |
|MODP 2048 |>.103 bits|S=B^a mod p |>.123 |>.38 |>.50 |>.634 |>.216 |>.366 |
|MODP 3072 |>.125 bits|S=B^a mod p |>.38 |>.13 |>.14 |>.289 |>.118 |>.165 |
|MODP 4096 |>.142 bits|S=B^a mod p |>.16 |>.4 |>.9 |>.126 |>.49 |>.67 |
|MODP 6144 |>.171 bits|S=B^a mod p |>.5 |>.1 |>.1 |>.61 |>.25 |>.31 |
|MODP 8096 |>.193 bits|S=B^a mod p |>.2 |>.0 |>.1 |>.39 |>.14 |>.18 |
|ECP 192 |>.96 bits |S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.851 |>.1'058 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 384 |ECP 224 |/2>.192 bits|A=g^a |>.112 bits|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.360 |>.963 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a
|ECP 256 |>.128 bits|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.364 |>.851 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|/2.ECP 521 |ECP 384 |/2>.260 bits|A=g^a |>.192 bits|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.180 |>.364 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
|S=B^a
|ECP 521 |>.260 bits|S=B^a mod p |=._N/A_|=._N/A_ |>.210 |=.- |=.- |=.- |
_* = using reduced exponent size (libstrongswan.dh_exponent_ansi_x9_42 = no) as recommended by_ "RFC3526":http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3526#section-8